Migration and Putlecan Identity :: essays research papers

Migration Its Causes and Effects within a Mexican Sub-CultureMigration uproots people from their families and their communities and from their conventional ways of understanding the world. They enter a new terrain fill up with new people, new images, new lifeways, and new experiences. They return and act as agents of change. (Grimes 1998 66)The migration experience is one that has deeply altered and affected the lives of many peoples, including Mexicans and specifically Putlecans. near say that the vast numbers of these people who decide to migrate is a new phenomenon. But there is actually a rich and complex accounting to it that goes back as far as the 1600s. This paper discusses the causes that stimulated migration to and from the Putla region, and the effects these migration patterns had on the identity of the Putlecan people.Only half a century ago, in 1940 a majority of the Putlecan people were not content with the way their lives were being run, and were seeking solutions to their problems. Under President Porfirio Diaz the Putlecan people were offered a dramatic solution the Bracero Program. The Bracero Program gave doingers a new opportunity migration. By migrating into either Mexico City or even the north, the United States, they hoped to find a more prosperous means of living. The program offered to thousands of Mexican workers the chance to work farms in the United States and get paid good wages. Unfortunately, it had its failings. As rewarding as the program may have seemed, it turned discover to be anything other than what these people had hoped for. Some did manage to save enough to build a home, but most had their illusions crushed by the hard work and the meager salaries paid. (Grimes 1998 40-41) Basically, the program was a way for the American employers to exploit Mexican workers and pay them little, so that they would wind up with the benefits instead of the workers. The program ended in 1964. This represented the first major wave of Putlecan migration of the 20th century.So what is Putla? Where is it? You could say its in the state of Oaxaca, in the Mixtec region, in the subregion of Mixteca de la Costa, on the pre-Hispanic and colonial north and south trade routes, or in the Valley of Putla where Mixteca Alta, Mixteca Baja, and Mixteca de la Costa meet. This region has a rich history of triumphs and losses, which helped sculpt what it is today.

The Ambassadors Body Essay -- Screen Theory Films Essays

The Ambassadors BodyScreen theory developed in the 1970s from the work of a aggroup of French andEnglish film theorists including Christian Metz, Laura Mulvey, Jean-Louis Baudry, Jean-LouisComolli, and Stephen Heath. In the form in which it has come to influencecultural studies,it combines elements of an eclectic range of theoretical perspectives, including the early structuralist work of Roland Barthes which proposes that the meanings of signifiers are resolved by their position within a network of oppositions and equivalencesLouis Althussers conceptualization of interpellation as a process of meconnaissance(misrecognition) and Jacques Lacans seminal work on the mirror stage as a foundationalstep in the child becoming a subject. Screen theory treats filmic images as signifiers encoding meanings but also, thanks to theapparatus with which the images are projected, as mirrors in which, by (mis)recognizingthemselves, viewers accede to subjectivity. One of its major strengths lies in its techniques foruncovering ideological messages encrypted in images, messages which are taken to conduct a directconstitutive impact upon their viewers. In the context of the 70s, this aspect of the theorycontributed importantly to the development of a politics of the image which critiqued themass media on the assumption that the images which they circulate shape the subjectivitiesof their viewers. Such a view, divorced from the heady mixture of high theory and leftpolitics associated with Screen theory, remains the home of much contemporarycensorship practice as well as P.C. politics.According to Screen theory, in addition to functioning as a fomite for ideological meanings,th... ...en it is in a highly overdetermined representation, from the canvasas a whole, rather than, as Lacan claims, from a single formal element, namely the image of theskull. notwithstanding these concessions to Lacans critics, my theoretical account of the gaze remains firmlyLacanian. In p articular, I reject Screen theorys account of the gaze as specular in advance ofLacans rival claim that the gaze is a site at which the Real disrupts the visual field. Mydifferences from Lacan reside in an attempt to historicize his work by showing the way in whichideological factors mediate the effect of visual objects upon their viewers.*(From Chapter Six of my forthcoming Fetish An Erotics of Culture to egress with CornellUP, 1999 an earlier version of this same chapter will appear in Chapter Seven of TomRosteck ed., At The Intersection to appear with Guilford, 1998).

Clash of Classes and Cultures in Educating Rita Essay example -- Educa

Clash of Classes and Cultures in Educating RitaTo What Extent Would You Agree That Educating Rita Depicts a Clashof Classes and Cultures?Educating Rita is a play by Willy Russell, a playwright recentlyturned novelist. Educating Rita contains only two characters, ayoung woman called Rita and a middle-aged man called Frank, althoughthis may sound boring these characters are so interesting that anymorecharacters would ruin the ambiance of the play. In the early part ofthe play Rita, a hairdresser from north-west England, has started anOpen University course with Frank, a university reviewer in his earlyfifties, in order to change herself. Throughout the play Rita becomesmore and more cultured giving up anything that gets in the way of her fosterage or tries to stop her being the cultured individual she wantsto be.Rita is a working class woman in her late twenties trying to findherself through with(predicate) a university education Frank is a divorced universityprofessor in his early fifties. Bored of teaching Frank drinks hislife away and has taken on Rita as an Open University student to fundthis habit. These two interesting characters from very differentbackgrounds are thrown together and the clashes of class and cultureare picture in a number of ways. Ritas language is very colloquialand this, at times, amuses Frank for example, What in the name ofGod is being off ones cake. Her language is twain new and puzzling toFrank as he is used to hearing the generally proper English spoken byhis university students. These phrases seem out of do when issuedby Frank. One is obviously very off ones cake, - you cant saythat Frank. Franks sesquipedalian language does not mix withRi... ...etween two classes and cultures.In the earlier part of the play Rita feels border by an alienenvironment, the university and its students, she is nervous and, as aresult, comes across as very loquacious. She sees this in herself whenshe says, I talk too much in act one scenery one. However, towards theend of play her speeches are generally shorter. In this newenvironment Rita also feels isolated but gradually changes and feelsas though she can act with the real students. When she lastlydoes this in act two, scene two it may surprise the audience becausein earlier scenes she describes them as real students as though herlife and their lives cannot mix. But, when she finally does speak tothe student, the first line she tells us she said was, Excuse me butI couldnt help overhearin the rubbish you were spoutin aboutLawrence.

Supply and Demand Essay -- Economy Economics Supply Demand Essays

Supply and Demand Every organisation which provides goods orservices to fee remunerative customers must, by its verynature, charge value for that good or service, topay for its costs, have retained profits forinvestments and to keep its sh beholders happy. Intheory, the trade price of whatsoever good or service isdetermined by the interaction of forces of claimand supply. There is an old saying, that ?if you canteach a parrot to say ?demand? and ?supply? youhave created a trained economist.?1 There is sometruth to this saying as intimately problems in theeconomics can be examined by applying the rulesof demand and supply. Therefore, the concepts ofdemand and supply can be claimed to be amongthe most important in economics. In order tounderstand either of them it is inevitable toexamine the factors that determine them. Although,a good?s price relative to other goods is probablythe most important factor influencing demand formost goods most of the time, there are otherfactors as well. These are disposable income, theprice of complimentary goods and substitutes,tastes and preferences, expectations, size ofpopulation, advertising. Suppliers on the otherhand are interested in making profits, and thusanything that affects profitability affects the supply.These include the price of other products, costs,technology and goals of firms. a) The price of anyproduct is determined by the interaction of theforces of demand and supply. The market price isset at the point, where demand equals supply,equilibrium. This can be seen from figure 1. Forthe purpose of this essay we will look at the pricesof beer. We can see that, the price is set at 1.65,where D intersects S. Fig. 1 The Penguindictionary of economics defines demand as ?thedesire for a particular good or service supportby the possession of the necessary means ofexchange to effect ownership?, while supply isdefined as? the quantity of a good or serviceavailable for sale at any given price?2. When aneconomist refe rs to the demand for a product hemeans effective demand, which may be defined as?the quantity of the commodity, which will bedemanded at any given price over some givenperiod of time.?3 However, the price of the goodor service varies according to the changes in eitherdemand or supply. In order to show that it isnecessary to... ...ng under?, if their shareholders are not satisfiedthey will sell shares and the company will bevulnerable to take-over bids. In conclusion, it canbe seen that the principles of demand and supplyhave a theoretical influence on price determination.The theory provides a useful and simple tool indetermining the price of a product by the means ofdemand and supply, an equilibrium price.However, the theoretic approach, uses manyassumptions, which limit the application of theoryto the real business environment. It is useful foracademic purposes, while it is difficult to reckonthat actual businesses will follow it in the businessplanning process. It is also diffi cult to use it as thetheory assumes the perfect market, which doesnot exist, with few exceptions, newsagents organismone of these. In other forms of competition firmswould base pricing decisions on expecteddecisions of their rivals (oligopoly), or woulddecide by themselves taking into account only their require (monopoly). Thus, it can be concluded thatcompanies would adopt their pricing policy on theenvironment they operate in, probably withouteven using the theory of demand and supply.

Cystic Fibrosis Essay example -- essays research papers

Cystic FibrosisCystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive trait on chromosome 7. Thisdisorder affects chloride transport resulting in abnormal mucus production.This long illness usually gets more severe with age and can affect bothmales and females. Symptoms and severity differ from person to person. Cysticfibrosis is the most common deathly inherited disease among whites and the majorcause of chronic lung disease in children. 50% of people ar expected to liveto be 30, but a majority die before age thirteen. 12000 whites defecate cysticfibrosis, 117000 blacks, 16000 live births, 12500 Americans, and 120 is acarrier.The genes be inherited in pairs, with unitary gene coming from each parentto make the pair. Cystic fibrosis occurs when both genes have mutations. Aperson with cystic fibrosis receives one cystic fibrosis gene from each parent.The parents of a child, with cystic fibrosis, each carry one nonworking copy ofthe gene and one working copy of the gene. The parents are call ed cysticfibrosis carriers, and because they have one working gene they have no symptoms.Carrier parents have 14 stake to have a child who is a noncarrier of cysticfibrosis, a 12 chance to have a child who carries the gene, and a 14 chancewith each pregnancy to have an affected child. If you have a son or daughterwith cystic fibrosis, then you have a 11 chance of being a carrier. If you havea brother or sister with CF, you have a 23 chance of being a carrier. If youhave a niece or nephew with CF, you have a 12 chance of being a carrier. Ifyou have an aunt or uncle with CF, you have a 13 chance of being a carrier anda 14 chance if you have a 1st cousin with CF.Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs in particular. The secretions arethick and sticky rather than thin and watery. This interferes with the removalof dust and germs. It can lead to lung infections and even chronic lung damage.Air passages become clogged with mucus and in that location is often widespread obstructionof the bronc hioles. Expiration is especially difficult. More and more airbecomes trapped in the lungs, which results in obstructive emphysema.Atelectasis can occur loss small areas collapsed. Eventually the chestassumes a barrel shape. The right ventricle, which supplies the lungs, maybecome strain... ...gerate and bedemanding for attention.Parents may have knowledge deficit and may contract a lot of teaching andexplanation. One of the misconception parents have is that their childsintelligence is greatly decreased. Intelligence is not affected. Parents oftenfeel guilty, since this is an inherited disease. The child spends the majorityof his term at home due to this lengthy illness. The child is also hospitalizedfor complications although stays are short to prevent exposure to otherinfections and illnesses. This puts a financial, physical, and emotional blameon the family. When do the parents find time for each other, themselves, orother children? How do they distribute their time and ener gy equally andfairly? Parents need cost increase and reassurance. They also need explicitinstructions. Parent groups can help along with the Natl CF ResearchFoundation and the 1-800-FIGHT-CF hotline. Parents usually need help from a companionable worker and financial help for special equipment. Insist parents to gethelp from other family members or friends and encourage them to get away from itall periodically. Alarm filaria can remind them of medication times.

Elie Wiesel: A Survivor of the Holocaust Essay -- Germany German Histo

Elie Wiesel A Survivor of the HolocaustElie Wiesel wrote in a mystical and existentialistic manner to depict his life as a victim of the holocaust in his many novels. Such selections as Night and The Trial of God reveal the horrors of the meanness camps and Wiesels true thoughts of the years of hell that he encountered. This hell that Wiesel wrote around was released later on in his life due to his shock, sadness, and disbelief. Elie Wiesel spoke in third person when writing his stories. Unlike other Holocaust stories, Wiesel gave not only the facts but in addition the horrific and realistic feelings of a victim in the camps. All of Elie Wiesels novels were based on his life. At the age of 15, Eliezer Wiesel and his family were placed into concentration camps in Auschwitz. Wiesel tended to(p) his family for most of the time in the camps. He parted from his mother and sister Tzipora early in life and lived with his father during the years of the Holocaust. During his time in the concentration camps, Wiesel endured tons of pain. When he first reached the concentration camp Eliezer Wiesel witnessed the most disturbing thing. Tons of babies were being thrown into the air and shot to death. As they marched enveloping(prenominal) and closer to the ditch, Eliezer decided that rather then let himself be thrown into the fire, he would try to break away and throw himself against the electrified fence that surrounded the camp. (Pariser 23) It was at that tip that Elie and his father knew that they were going to experience the worst years of their life. On April 11, 1945, the two were free from the concentration camp. He was profound for many years and chose not to announce of his suffering. Eventually he spoke and made a pact that he would never be silent again. Eliezer Wiesel stated, And that is why I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. (Pariser 40) And Mr. Wiesel wasnt. Among those novels that Wiesel wro te, the one that captured the most attention was Night. Night was one of Eliezer Wiesels greatest novels. Night is the true story of his experiences in the concentration camps. Some of the main characters in Night were real people in Wiesels life. Wiesel is called by his first name Elie in this story. In the start of the story, Elie speaks of his Jewish mysticism teacher Moshe the Beadle who is a poor Jew i... ...that some credit Night as the book that altered the attitudes of people in America about the Holocaust. Work Cited foliate Lang, Anson. A Conversation With Elie Wiesel. Bold Type 2 Jan. 1999. 17 Mar. 2002 Marowski, Daniel G. Elie(zer) Wiesel. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Volume 37. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1986. Pages 449, 450. Mass, Wendy. Readings On Night. San Diego Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000. Pages 13-24. Pariser, Michael. Elie Wiesel. Brookfield The Millbook Press, 1994. Riemer, Jack. Miracle of Friendship and Hope. Commonweal. may 25, 1979 Page 316-318 e xcerpted and reprinted in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Volume 37. Daniel Marowski. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1986. Pages 451, 452. Schuman, Michael A. Elie Wiesel Voice From the Holocaust. Hillside Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1994. Pages 23-25. Stern, Ellen Norman. Elie Wiesel A Voice for Humanity. Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society, 1996. Wiesel, Elie. And the Sea is Never Full. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 1999. Page 12. Wiesel, Elie. Night. New York Bantam Books, 1960. Wiesel, Elie. The Night Trilogy. New York The Noonday Press, 1985.

Elie Wiesel: A Survivor of the Holocaust Essay -- Germany German Histo

Elie Wiesel A Survivor of the HolocaustElie Wiesel wrote in a mystical and existentialistic manner to depict his feel as a victim of the holocaust in his many novels. Such selections as Night and The Trial of God reveal the horrors of the concentration camps and Wiesels true thoughts of the historic period of hell that he encountered. This hell that Wiesel wrote about was released later in his tone due to his shock, sadness, and disbelief. Elie Wiesel spoke in third person when writing his stories. Unlike opposite Holocaust stories, Wiesel gave not only the facts but also the horrific and realistic feelings of a victim in the camps. All of Elie Wiesels novels were based on his life. At the age of 15, Eliezer Wiesel and his family were placed into concentration camps in Auschwitz. Wiesel accompanied his family for most of the time in the camps. He parted from his mother and sister Tzipora early in life and lived with his father during the years of the Holocaust. During his time in the concentration camps, Wiesel endured tons of pain. When he first reached the concentration camp Eliezer Wiesel witnessed the most disturbing thing. Tons of babies were being thrown into the air and shot to death. As they marched closer and closer to the ditch, Eliezer decided that rather then let himself be thrown into the fire, he would try to break onward and throw himself against the electrified fence that surrounded the camp. (Pariser 23) It was at that point that Elie and his father knew that they were going to experience the worst years of their life. On April 11, 1945, the two were free from the concentration camp. He was dense for many years and chose not to speak of his suffering. Eventually he spoke and made a pact that he would never be silent again. Eliezer Wiesel stated, And that is why I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. (Pariser 40) And Mr. Wiesel wasnt. Among those novels that Wiesel wrote, the one th at captured the most attention was Night. Night was one of Eliezer Wiesels greatest novels. Night is the true story of his experiences in the concentration camps. Some of the main characters in Night were real people in Wiesels life. Wiesel is called by his first name Elie in this story. In the beginning of the story, Elie speaks of his Jewish mysticism teacher Moshe the Beadle who is a poor Jew i... ...that some credit Night as the book of account that altered the attitudes of people in America about the Holocaust. Work Cited Page Lang, Anson. A Conversation With Elie Wiesel. Bold Type 2 Jan. 1999. 17 Mar. 2002 Marowski, Daniel G. Elie(zer) Wiesel. Contemporary literary Criticism. Volume 37. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1986. Pages 449, 450. Mass, Wendy. Readings On Night. San Diego Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000. Pages 13-24. Pariser, Michael. Elie Wiesel. Brookfield The Millbook Press, 1994. Riemer, Jack. Miracle of Friendship and Hope. Commonweal. May 25, 1979 Page 316-318 excer pted and reprinted in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Volume 37. Daniel Marowski. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1986. Pages 451, 452. Schuman, Michael A. Elie Wiesel Voice From the Holocaust. Hillside Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1994. Pages 23-25. Stern, Ellen Norman. Elie Wiesel A Voice for Humanity. Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society, 1996. Wiesel, Elie. And the Sea is Never Full. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 1999. Page 12. Wiesel, Elie. Night. New York Bantam Books, 1960. Wiesel, Elie. The Night Trilogy. New York The Noonday Press, 1985.